What disease is primarily caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, a disease that primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. The bacterium is characterized by its slow growth and lipid-rich cell wall, which contributes to its ability to evade the immune response, making tuberculosis a major public health issue globally.

Tuberculosis spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Symptoms of the disease commonly include a persistent cough, chest pain, and hemoptysis (coughing up blood), along with systemic symptoms like fever, weight loss, and night sweats. The disease can remain latent in the body for years, leading to a potential reactivation later in life, which is why it's essential to diagnose and treat it promptly.

Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its role in causing tuberculosis highlights the importance of public health strategies, screening, and treatment options for managing this infectious disease.