Which bacterium is known for causing cholera?

Vibrio cholerae is the bacterium known for causing cholera, a severe diarrheal disease that can lead to dehydration and death if left untreated. This organism is typically transmitted through contaminated water and food, particularly in areas with poor sanitation. The hallmark of cholera infection is the rapid onset of watery diarrhea, which is caused by the cholera toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae. The toxin disrupts the intestinal lining's normal absorption of fluids and electrolytes, leading to a high volume of diarrhea that can deplete the body of essential fluids and salts.

Vibrio cholerae has specific virulence factors, including the ability to adhere to the intestinal mucosa and evade the immune response, which allows it to establish infection and produce the symptoms associated with cholera. Effective treatment involves rehydration and, in some cases, antibiotics, but prevention through access to clean water and proper sanitation practices is crucial to controlling outbreaks.

Other bacteria listed do not cause cholera. Staphylococcus aureus is associated with food poisoning and skin infections, Escherichia coli encompasses various strains with differing pathogenicity, including those that cause urinary tract infections and gastroenteritis, and Salmonella enterica is linked to salmonellosis,